와이오밍 석탄 회사 중 하나인 라마코가 기존 석탄 광산에서 희토류를 발견했다는 기사. 뭐 개발까지야 몇 년이 걸리겠지만 어쨌든 단기적으로는 회사 주가에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 본다. 현재 미국에서 희토류 생산하는 회사는 MP가 유일한데, 중국 자본이 너무 많이 들어가 있다는 비판이 있는 듯.
While many majors are walking away from the coal business to improve ESG metrics and appease investors, some savvy miners are looking at ways to advance clean energy projects on current and former coal mine sites.
Rare earths, essential elements to realizing an electrified economy, are being discovered latent in some old coal mines – which are seen as environmental legacy liabilities all over North America.
Ramaco Resources, (NASDAQ: METC) a Kentucky-headquartered pure play metallurgic coal miner with operations in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, has this month discovered new potential magnetic rare earth elements (REEs) at its Brook mine in Wyoming, the state which produces about 47% of the country’s coal and where virtually all coal is thermal.
Ramaco’s subsidiary, Ramaco Carbon, is partnering with laboratories, researchers, and manufacturers and is privately investing to create an ecosystem of carbon tech innovation — building what it calls Carbon Valley in Wyoming.
The discovery was made in a partnership with a federal research team from the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), with validation from independent analysts at mining consultancy Weir International — and could pose a potential solution to growing demand that has eluded the US.
There is only one active mine for magnetic REEs in the United States, Mountain Pass in California, which is part owned by Chinese interests and exports its materials to China to be refined. Meanwhile, in recent years, China has come to control 91% of refining activity, 87% of oxide separation and 94% of magnet production, the Wall Street Journal reported.
Undersupply of magnet rare earths is projected to hit 60,000 tonnes by 2030. Adamas Intelligence predicts that from 2023 through 2040 global demand for NdFeB magnets will increase at a compound annual growth rate of 7.5%, bolstered by double-digit growth from electric vehicle and wind power sectors.
‘A new carbon age’
The Biden administration has already begun to look at coal ash, coal waste, and acid mine drainage as feedstock for rare earths. The United States government announced in April it has set aside $450 million to advance clean energy projects on current and former coal mine sites, giving special attention to those that can provide new economic opportunities for coal communities.
Following eighteen months of core drilling and independent chemical analysis, NETL researchers and Ramaco now believe that the Brook mine property contains what could be the largest unconventional deposit of REEs discovered in the United States.
The mine’s reserves are also low in any form of radioactive materials such as thorium, and the deposits are found at reasonably shallow depths — mainly in softer clay and related strata above and below coal seams, which makes rare earths easier and more economic to extract than from hard rock deposits.
Most rare earth is found in conventional hard mineral deposits such as cobalt, uranium, or lithium.
“Unconventional deposits are found in softer substances like clays — and clay- like stratus, which is what we’ve got. About 80% of the value of Chinese rare earth is found in ionic clay deposits — it is much less expensive to process because it’s a softer processing technique and it’s also less environmentally intrusive,” Ramaco founder and CEO Randy Atkins said in an interview with MINING.com.
The mine ranks among the highest relative concentrations yet discovered of magnetic rare earths (MREE) such as heavy REEs terbium and dysprosium, as well as lighter REEs such neodymium and praseodymium. Initial estimates are that about 28% of deposit concentrations may be in the form of MREEs.
These observations were from an assessment of 4,500 acres, less than one third of the total 15,800-acre area of the Brook mine.
Ramaco Resources acquired the Brook mine, near the town of Sheridan at the foothills of the Bighorn Mountains in 2011. It was in operations from 1890s to about 1930. Atkins has proposed a fundamentally new, environmentally positive use for carbon derived from its coal. Atkins is a past chairman of the National Coal Council, which is an arm of the Department of Energy.
“Our approach is to use the commodity as a low-cost carbon feedstock to make high-value advanced carbon products and materials that we call “coal to products. ”We have coined the phrase “carbon ore” to refer to coal used in this manner,” Atkins said in a testimony to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources in 2021, which he called “The New Carbon Age”.
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